Senin, 27 Mei 2013

BIOGRAFI TOKOH DUNIA

ASOKA (300 SM-±232 SM)





Raja terpenting dalam sejarah India mungkin sekali Asoka, penguasa ketiga dinasti Maurya dan cucu pendiri dinasti itu, Chandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta seorang pimpinan militer India yang --dalam saat nyaris berbarengan dengan peperangan yang dilancarkan Alexander Yang Agung-- menaklukkan hampir seluruh bagian India Utara, dan dengan sendirinya bisalah dianggap sebagai pendiri pertama sebuah kekaisaran besar di India. Tahun kapan persisnya kelahiran Asoka tidak diketahui. Mungkin sekali mendekati tahun 300 SM dan dia naik tahta sekitar tahun 273 SM. Pada mulanya dia mengikuti saja jejak sang buyut dan berusaha meluaskan daerah kekuasaan lewat aksi militer. Pada tahun ke-8 pemerintahannya dia membereskan peperangan yang sukses terhadap Kalinga, negara di pantai timur India (kira-kira letak Orissa sekarang ini). Tetapi, begitu dia sadari betapa dahsyatnya harga yang mesti ditebus untuk kemenangan ini, Asoka merasa terpukul batin. Seratus ribu orang terbunuh, dan beratus ribu orang terluka. Tertekan dan merasa berdosa, Asoka berkeputusan menghentikan gerakan militer menaklukkan India, dan bersamaan dengan itu menjauhkan diri dari perbuatan agresif, dia menjadi pemeluk Buddha dan menerima filosofinya, mencoba mempraktekkan nilai-nilai "dharma" yang mengandung suruhan menjalankan kebenaran, kebajikan dan ketidakagresifan.

            Buat pribadinya sendiri Asoka berhenti berburu dan menjadi "vegeterian" (tidak makan daging kecuali sayuran). Dalam segi-segi penting lain masih banyak sikap-sikap kemanusiaan yang dianutnya. Dia mendirikan rumah-rumah sakit dan tempat-tempat peribadatan, mengeluarkan aturan-aturan yang meringankan buat penduduk, membangun jalan-jalan dan memajukan perairan. Bahkan Asoka secara khusus menunjuk pejabat pemerintah yang disebut "pejabat dharma", bertugas menyuruh rakyat supaya beribadah kepada Tuhan, supaya mengembangkan semangat hidup berbaik-baik sesama manusia. Semua agama mendapat tempat yang sama di wilayah kerajaannya. Toleransi Asoka tampak nyata sekali, walau Agama Buddha peroleh perhatian khusus yang menguntungkan pertumbuhan agama itu. Utusan-utusan Buddha dikirim ke luar negeri, dan missi mereka mencapai hasil besar khususnya di Srilangka. Asoka memerintahkan mencatat kehidupan dan langkah kebijaksanannya yang ditulis di tiang-tiang atau batu-batu karang tersebar di seluruh negeri. Banyak monumen-monumen itu masih bisa tahan hingga sekarang.

            Penempatan monumen-monumen itu secara geografis memungkinkan kita peroleh informasi yang dapat dipercaya mengenai luas kekuasaan Asoka, dan tulisan-tulisan yang tertera di atasnya merupakan sumber utama pengetahuan kita mengenai kariernya. Secara kebetulan, tiang-tiang ini juga dianggap sebagai hasil kerja seni tingkat tinggi. Dalam tempo lima puluh tahun sesudah Asoka wafat, Kerajaan Mauryan berantakan dan tak pernah bisa bangkit kembali. Sementara itu, melalui dukungannya kepada Agama Buddha, pengaruh jangka panjang Assoka terhadap dunia dengan sendirinya menjadi amat luas. Tatkala dia naik tahta, Agama Buddha masih kecil sekali penganutnya, cuma bersifat lokal, dikenal cuma di bagian barat laut India. Tetapi, tatkala wafatnya, penganutnya sudah meliputi seluruh India dan dengan cepat pengaruhnya sudah menyebar ke negeri-negeri tetangga. Lebih dari siapa pun juga --kecuali Gautama sendiri--Asoka adalah seorang yang bertanggung jawab atas berkembangnya Agama Buddha menjadi agama besar dunia.

Sumber : Seratus Tokoh yang Paling Berpengaruh dalam Sejarah, Michael H. Hart, 1978, Terjemahan H. Mahbub Djunaidi, 1982, PT. Dunia Pustaka Jaya, Jln. Kramat II, No. 31A, Jakarta Pusat

AKU DAN CERITA SERAMKU

MY SCARIEST EXPERIENCE
 



          Pengalaman terseram yang pernah saya alami terjadi kurang lebih 2 tahun yang lalu disaat saya duduk di bangku kelas 2 SMA. Waktu itu pada suatu hari seorang kerabat ayah saya meninggal dunia dan dimakamkan di pemakaman keluarga dekat kampung halaman saya. Saya dan saudara saya ikut ke pemakaman tersebut, namun karna saya dan saudara saya, Imran, masih belum cukup dewasa jadi pada saat itu kami bercanda di makam dengan tertawa-tawa meskipun tidak cukup keras dan berbicara kata candaan yang kurang sopan dan juga tidak mengikuti proses yang cukup sakral tersebut dengan tenang. Kemudian saat sore hari nya dalam perjalanan pulang, saya dan Imran duduk di kursi mobil paling belakang dan di saat jalanan sudah mulai gelap dan kami masih dalam perjalanan pulang, saya merasakan hawa yang beda yang menyebabkan saya ingin melihat ke arah belakang terus tapi tidak terjadi apa-apa.
                Sesampainya di rumah, Faris tiba-tiba mengaku bahwa badannya panas tiba-tiba padahal tadi ia kondisi nya masih baik. Akhirnya Faris tertidur. Pada malam itu tiba-tiba saya tidak bisa tidur karena entah kenapa saya merasa tidak enak badan tapi tidak mengalami panas, kemudia saya sempat ketiduran sebentar sekitar 10 menit. Disitu tiba-tiba saya bermimpi tentang almarhum kerabat ayah saya, beliau menasehati saya untuk berhati-hati dan bertanggung jawab atas apa yang telah saya lakukan karna semua itu akan dimintai pertanggung jawabannya kelak dan harus bersikap sopan santun dalam setiap kondisi. Beliau juga menasehati saya untuk tidak lupa mendoakan beliau karena sedari tadi saya tidak khusyuk mendoakan beliau sehingga saya merasakan sugesti yang tidak enak. Setelah mimpi sebentar itu saya terbangun dan mendapati Imran masih tertidur, karena ingat dengan pesan beliau saya langsung ke kamar mandi untuk mengambil air wudhu dan sholat isya yang saya akhiri dengan membaca al-quran untuk mendoakan beliau.

                Pengalaman tersebut memang cukup menyeramkan untuk saya karena cukup mengandung “gaib/mistis”yang percaya tidak percaya menimbulkan ketakutan untuk saya apabila ada orang yang telah wafat saya pun harus menjaga sikap dengan tidak bercanda melainkan mendoakan. Memang pengalaman tersebut memberikan saya pelajaran yang cukup berharga saya untuk lebih bersikap sesuai kondisi yang ada dan juga bertanggung jawab atas menerima resiko atas apa yang saya lakukan. 

50 Idioms

Baik kali ini saya akan ngeposting tentang idioms ?
Ada yg tau idioms ???
Idioms adalah sebuah kata dalam bahasa inggris yang terdiri dari beberapa suku kata yang artinya tidak sama sekali berkaitan dengan kata-kata tersebut, oleh karena itu saya ngepost  50 idioms beserta meaning dan examplenya :

1.       Have a change of heart means “change a previous decision”
Example: I thought I would change jobs, but now that my boss is treating me with more respect, I’ve had a change of heart.

2.       Have mixed feelings about something means “to be uncertain”
Example: I have mixed feelings about Joe. He’s a very good teacher, but he has a very strange sense of humor!

3.       Head out for means “to start on a long trip” (but it could be within a big city)
Example: We’re heading out for the countryside to pick some apples. Would you like to join us?

4.       How come? means “Why?”
Example: How come we don’t go to the movies any more? I guess we’re too busy to enjoy ourselves these days.

5.       Keep in touch (or “stay in touch”) means “do not stop communicating – send letters or call sometimes”
Example: Don’t forget to keep in touch. I want to know how you’re doing while you’re away.

6.       Be kidding means “to joke or tease someone in a playful way”
Example: No, I don’t really have three wives – I was just kidding!

7.       Look down on means “think somone or something is not good enough”
Example: We shouldn’t look down on people just because they don’t have as much money as we do.

8.       Make ends meet (often used negatively) means “to have enough money to buy everything we need”
Example: Even though I make more money than last year, we just can’t seem to make ends meet.

9.       Miss the boat means “to miss an opportunity”
Example: The sale ends today at noon. If we don’t hurry, we’re going to miss the boat!

10.   Next to nothing means “to cost very little”
Example: I went to the new discount store and bought these new shoes for only five dollars. That’s next to nothing!


11.   As easy as pie means “very easy” (same as “a piece of cake”)
Example: He said it is a difficult problem, but I don’t agree. It seems as easy as pie to me!

12.   Be sick and tired of means “I hate” (also “can’t stand”)
Example: I’m sick and tired of doing nothing but work. Let’s go out tonight and have fun.

13.   Bend over backwards means “try very hard” (maybe too much!)
Example: He bent over backwards to please his new wife, but she never seemed satisfied.

14.    Bite off more than one can chew means “take responsibility for more than one can manage”
Example: John is so far behind in his studies. Besides classes, he plays sports and works at a part-time job. It seems he has bitten off more than he can chew.

15.   Broke means “to have no money”
Example: I have to borrow some money from my Dad. Right now, I’m broke.

16.   In ages means “for a very long time”
Example: Have you seen Joe recently? I haven’t seen him in ages.

17.   Give someone a hand means “help”
Example: I want to move this desk to the next room. Can you give me a hand?

18.   Hit the hay means “go to bed” (also “hit the sack”)
Example: It’s after 12 o’clock. I think it’s time to hit the hay.

19.   In the black means “the business is making money, it is profitable”
Example: Our business is really improving. We’ve been in the black all year.

20.   In the red means “the business is losing money, it is unprofitable”
Example: Business is really going poorly these days. We’ve been in the red for the past three months.

21.   Sleep on it means “think about something before making a decision”
Example: That sounds like a good deal, but I’d like to sleep on it before I give you my final decision.

22.   Take it easy means “relax”
Example: I don’t have any special plans for the summer. I think I’ll just take it easy.

23.   To get the ball rolling means “start something, especially something big”
Example: We need to get this project started as soon as possible. I’m hoping you will help me get the ball rolling.

24.   Up to the minute means “the most recent information”
Example: I wish I knew more about what is happening in the capital city. We need more up to the minute news.

25.   Twenty-four/seven means “every minute of every day, all the time”
Example: You can access our web site 24/7. It’s very convenient!

26.   Change one’s mind means “decide to do something different from what had been decided earlier”
Example: I was planning to work late tonight, but I changed my mind. I’ll do extra work on the weekend instead.

27.   Cut it out! means “stop doing something bad”
Example: That noise is really annoying. Cut it out!

28.   Drop someone a line means “send a letter or email to someone”
Example: It was good to meet you and I hope we can see each other again. Drop me a line when you have time.

29.   Figure something out means “come to understand a problem”
Example: I don’t understand how to do this problem. Take a look at it. Maybe you can figure it out.

30.   Fill in for someone means “do their work while they are away”
Example: While I was away from the store, my brother filled in for me.

31.   In the nick of time means “not too late, but very close!”
Example: I got to the drugstore just in the nick of time. It’s a good thing, because I really need this medicine!

32.   Keep one’s chin up means “remain brave and keep on trying”
Example: I know things have been difficult for you recently, but keep your chin up. It will get better soon.

33.   Know something like the back of your hand means “know something very, very well”
Example: If you get lost, just ask me for directions. I know this part of town like the back of my hand

34.   Once in a while means “sometimes, not very often”
Example: Have you been to the new movie theater? No, only see movies once in a while. I usually stay home and watch TV.

35.   Sharp means “exactly at a that time”
Example: I’ll meet you at 9 o’clock sharp. If you’re late, we’ll be in trouble!


36.   All of a sudden means “unexpectedly”, used to describe something that happens very quickly
Example: He had just gone to bed when all of a sudden the phone rang.

37.   Be all ears means “eager and ready to listen”
Example: Go ahead and speak. I’m all ears!

38.   Be fed up with means “to hate something now, even though I may have liked it before”
Example: I’m fed up with my job! I think I should start looking for a new one.

39.   To bug means “to bother someone”. (American English)
Example: Hey, stop tapping your fingers. It’s really bugging me!

40.   A cinch means something that is very easy to do
Example: I didn’t think I could run five kilometers, but with the right preparation, it was a cinch.

41.   Give someone a hand means “help someone”
Example: Could you give me a hand moving this table? It’s quite heavy.

42.   Grab a bite to eat means “quickly go get something to eat”
Example: I’m going to go grab a bite. I’ll be back in a few minutes.

43.   Drive someone up a wall (or “drive someone crazy”) means “to make someone very angry”
Example: My neighbor practices the piano every night, but he’s terrible. It’s driving me up the wall!

44.   To hang on means “to wait”
Example: Hang on a few minutes. I have to make a phone call and then I’ll be able to join you for lunch.

45.   Hard headed means “stubborn” or “unwilling to change an opinion or idea
Example: I can’t work with Joe any more. He’s so hard headed!

46.   Cost an arm and a leg means “very expensive”
Example: I’d really like a new car, but they all cost an arm and a leg.

47.   To cram means “to study hard a few days before a test”
Example: If you had studied hard for the past four months, you wouldn’t have to cram so much this weekend.

48.   Fresh out of something means “to have no more of something”
Example: I have to go buy some more milk. It seems we’re fresh out now.


49.   To get it (often negative) means “to understand”
Example: What did the teacher say? I didn’t get it. Did you?

50.   Got a minute? means “Do you have time right now?”
Example: Hey, Joe, got a minute? I have something to show you.


Senin, 29 April 2013

Saya dan Bahasa Inggris


Nama saya Faisal Rhama Danus, menurut saya bahasa inggris itu adalah bahasa Internasional yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi antar Negara, dan  sangat penting dikuasai oleh setiap orang. Ibaratnya seperti kebutuhan pokok untuk bekerja, khususnya untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang luar karena nanti di dunia pekerjaan situasi terkadang harus menempatan kita untuk berkomuniasi dengan orang asing yang tidak biasa berbahasa indonesia . Bahasa inggris sama seperti makanan karena jaman sekarang bahasa inggris itu kebutuhan pokok, sampai-sampai sekarang ada istilah kalau ingin bekerja harus pandai berbahasa inggris dan terampil menggunakan komputer. Pada awalnya saya tidak tertarik dengan bahasa inggris, karena menurut saya belajar bahasa inggris itu susah,  tetapi melihat perkembangan jaman sekarang saya menyadari akn penting kemampuan berbicara bahasa inggris. Saya mulai belajar bahasa inggris dari SD kelas 4, disitu saya memahami bahwa belajar  Bahasa inggris itu lumayan menyenangkan tetapi buktinya tetap saya tetap tidak bisa berbahasa inggris.
Memang saya bisa menjalaninya kalo cuma sekedar teori seperti tenses, reading, listening, dsb. Tetapi kenyataannya berbicara bahasa inggris itu susah, tentunya orang-orang setiap belajar bahasa inggris tujuannya pasti ingin bisa prakteknya tidak hanya teorinya saja , begitupun dengan saya. Saya pernah coba mengikuti les atau bimbel bahasa inggris di Dutamedia Cipanas, tp nyatanya gurunya hanya mengajarkan saya teorinya saja, saya menunggu sampai saya diajarkan untuk prakteknya, dan nyatanya saya pun memutuskan keluar dari les karena bentrok dengan jadwal ngaji di pesantren saya. saya pun hanya belajar bahasa inggris hanya di  sekolah, sampai sekarang. Sebenarnya saya menyukai bahasa inggris, bahkan saya iri melihat teman saya yang mampu berbicara inggris dengan lancar, dan sampai saya memutuskan saya akan belajar langsung secara praktek saja, karena saya termotivasi melihat orang-orang di bali yang pandai berbicara bahasa inggris karena terbiasa beromuniasi dengan bule-bule.
Saya akan tetap berusaha belajar bahasa inggris, karena saya memiliki cita-cita dan impian yang tinggi kelak, maka saya selalu bersungguh-sungguh dalam belajar bahasa inggris, saya belajar berbicara inggris kepada teman saya, dan saya akan tetap berusaha sampai saya benar-benar mampu berbicara inggris dengan baik dan lancer, Dan saya agak sedikit kecewa ketika mata kuliah bahsa inggris menjadi mata kuliah softskill di semester ke 2 ini, Karen pelajaran bahasa inggris merupakan pelajaran yang penting dis etiap jurusan, walaupun saya jurusan managemen bukan jurusan sastra tp peran bahasa inggris itu penting, karena sangat penting untuk berkomunikasi di duani pekerjaan kelak. Sekara semenjak bahasa inggris dijadikan mata kuliah softskill apertemuannya itu hanya 1 bulan sekali, dan itu pun belajarnya hanaya sebentar. Harusnya mata kuliah bahasa inggris jangan dijadikan mata uliah softskill, karena apabila setiap minggunya ada mata kuliah bahasa inggris sedikit - dikit saya bisa mendapat ilmu untuk mempelancar kempuan bahasa inggris saya.
Terima kasih

Macam-Macam Jenis Tenses


NO
Tenses
Past
1
Simple
I met her last night
S + V2
She was beutiful at the show last night
S + Was/were + adj/adv/n
2
Continues
She was crying that night
S + was/were + Ving
3
Perfect
The plane had took of when i arrived
S + had + V3
We had been looking for her since she left 
S + had been + V3
4
Perfect Continues
I I had been sleeping when they arrived
S + had been + Ving






















NO
Tenses
Present
1
Simple
I meet her today
S + V1
I am handsome
S + am/is/are
2
Continues
The dog is sleeping now
S + is/am/are + Ving
3
Perfect
I have eaten the apple
S + has/have + V3
I had been watched by them 
S + has been + V3
4
Perfect Continues
It has been snowy since last week
S + has/have + been + Ving






















NO
Tenses
Future
1
Simple
I will meet her tommorow
S + will + V1
He will be in here at 8 pm
S + will + be + adj/adv/n
2
Continues
My mother will be cooking at noon tomorrow
S + will + be + Ving
3
Perfect
She will have been earned the money
S + will have + V3
He will have been dead by now 
S + will have been + V3
4
Perfect Continues
I shall have been at her house at this time
S + will + have veen + Ving

My Biography


Introduce me
My name is faisal rhama danus,you can call me isal or rhama. I live in a smaall town in cianjur regency named cipanas. I am the first child from 2 children, i am a child from Mr.mawardi hasan and mrs eka sapta. I was born in cianjur but both of my parents are not really from cianjur,they are from sumatran my father is from padang and my mother is from palembang. We are happy little family ... My little sister called Fitria Dwi Andriani, she was born in Cianjur , very close to my age difference just one year. Now she is in high school class of 12, we often fight from childhood until now, so yes even though I really love my sister only. My father did not work, but self-employed by setting up a company engaged in the field of furniture.
I started my education in kindergarten Kartini, I have good friends and very mischievous here, but one of the wonderful memories of kindergarten when I had the name of my kindergarten by winning the race "Run Fast" district level child. After graduation I went on incoming kindergarten elementary school named SD Negeri Cipanas 4, I was educated for 6 years, during which I got Suspected achievement during elementary school, I won the volley ball in Tertiary Porseni between SD, and I won the Art Competition that is Pencak Silat art.
After that i continued my education at cipanas 1 junior high school that where I need to go to school because they have to struggle through the selection process, I was educated here 3 years, here I also started to feel a teenager, I began to understand music, began to understand courtship, and other things. Memories of the Most Beautiful in junior high I had brought my junior fragrance name in the field of musical arts by winning the Junior Festival Band-level high schools in Cianjur district, and I also get a charter "Best Bassist". After graduating from junior high school I finally went in high school named SMA Negeri 1 Sukaresmi, here a lot of times that can not be forgotten because it is here that the most beautiful people in a life time. Thank God I am still here were given the opportunity to bring the fragrance name school achievement in the field of ICT Academic Olympics by winning the district level, and I was a representative for a follow olmpiade areas of the district cianjur algebra. This achievement makes me very proud and my school because I was given a scholarship to continue their education to a higher level in a very well-known public universities which named ITB, but unfortunately these do not make my parents happy because they do not allow me to enter Midian IT. they wanted me to be a policeman. With this decision as a child I could not do anything about it, I just move on and accept their decision. Finally after graduating high school, I tried to join the Police Academy admission selection. My father was very supportive of my decision, but unfortunately my spirit and my father was not the fruit of the results as desired. I was very disappointed with myself that I have disappointed my father. Finally, I do not give up, I was given the opportunity to go to college majoring in management, I tried to follow the selection of college entrance and once again the results were less satisfactory I just pass in an accredited state university majoring in management is not good, in the end I decided not to continue their education and work to help take care of my father worked his furniture company. But this decision was not approved by my mother, my mother was crying because my decision. I feel increasingly guilty and confused, I think I want to be angry like this why I was destined, I am jealous of my friends which go as they please and make their parents happy , I just tolerate it all, but this event which maturing me, finally I think to continue my education. I finally entered the University Gunadarma in Depok majored in management, although quite difficult to accept my fate, now I can only be grateful and undergo what has become my way now, because we do not know what our destiny was to become later. My parents finally agreed even though I know they disappointed me, I live in the boarding house near campus because of the distance between my house does not allow for the return trip. I also get a cool and good friends here, and a lot of experience which I can since I went to college here. Now I can only live and strive to be the best here, so as not to fail again and get a job based on my dreams.
Hopefully my story can motivate colleagues all so much more grateful and strive hard in achieving a desire, because success can not be achieved easily. "Successful people are not formed from the comfort / pleasure but of sorrow and tears" depends on what we confront what we get up we stop here.
Thank you ..